GCSE English Literature: The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde

The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde

Robert Louis Stevenson's novella The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde is a profound exploration of the duality of human nature, the conflict between reputation and morality, and the inherent struggle between good and evil. Written in 1886, this work remains a significant text in the study of English literature.

Themes

The novella is rich in themes that provoke thought and discussion:

• Duality: The central theme of duality is embodied in the characters of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Jekyll represents the respectable side of humanity, while Hyde embodies the darker, more primal instincts. This duality raises questions about the nature of identity and the capacity for good and evil within each individual.
• Reputation: Dr. Jekyll is a well-respected scientist, and his reputation is paramount to him. The novella explores how societal expectations can pressure individuals to suppress their darker urges, leading to a fragmented self.
• Good and Evil: The conflict between good and evil is a recurring motif. The transformation of Jekyll into Hyde illustrates how easily one can succumb to their baser instincts, suggesting that the potential for evil exists within everyone.

Character Analysis

Understanding the characters is crucial to grasping the novella's themes:

• Dr. Henry Jekyll: A kind and charitable man, Jekyll's experiments with his own identity lead to his downfall. His desire to separate his good side from his darker impulses ultimately results in tragedy.
• Mr. Edward Hyde: The embodiment of Jekyll's suppressed desires, Hyde is violent and cruel. His actions serve as a stark contrast to Jekyll's character, highlighting the struggle between the two sides of humanity.
• Mr. Utterson: As Jekyll's lawyer and friend, Utterson represents the voice of reason. His investigation into the relationship between Jekyll and Hyde drives the narrative forward.

Conclusion

The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of repression and the complexities of human nature. It challenges readers to reflect on their own dualities and the societal pressures that shape their identities. This novella remains a critical text in GCSE English Literature, encouraging deep analysis and discussion.

Discussion Questions

• How does Stevenson use the character of Hyde to explore the theme of duality?
• In what ways does the novella reflect Victorian attitudes towards reputation and morality?
• Can Jekyll be seen as a tragic hero? Why or why not?